Organizational Structure and Culture Essay Example for Free

Organizational Structure and Culture Essay Authority structure within organizations is important for the oversight of delegated processes and expected outcomes. Without structure, chaos would impede support, communications, and vision development. Organizational designs vary according to the need of the organization to operate efficiently, to achieve goals, and to support the associates within the organization. The organizational structure style design helps lead the organization in successful endeavors (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Organizational History The history of an organization contributes to the design of the formal organizational structure.  The medical center has a tumultuous history. A new modern building was constructed in 2000 to replace an older structure. The local physicians had no input into the decision or design of the new facility. The organizational structure during that time was a strict parallel design. The physicians reported to the chief medical officer and the Board of Trustees. The physicians jointly decided not to support the new local hospital; the organization began to collapse. The medical center eventually fell into bankruptcy because of the lack of physician support, poor financial management, and unscrupulous use of organizational monies. The court system retained a reconstruction organization in an attempt to rebuild the local hospital. During the time of bankruptcy the parallel organizational structure remained in place, but with less authority of the medical governance branch. The main focus of the organizational structure was financial survival of the organization. An immediate change was needed for the improvement of the dangerously low morale of the health care associates The once country owned, bankrupted not-for-profit-hospital was bought and sold twice before stabilization began to be a possibility. A corporation purchased the hospital and changed it to a for-profit organization. There was very little resistance to the change because the organization had been surviving in chaos. According to Kurt Lewin’s three stage theory of change, the first phase, the unfreezing phase, is an important phase of change. Change is getting ready to happen during this phase. The health care associates of the medical center had been getting ready for change for a few years. The unfreezing phase requires the development of motivation. Motivation was the chance to prosper in a successful business venture while delivering quality care to the community (Kurt Lewin, 2012). Generational Culture The generational culture of the organization had a positive effect on the change. There was a common goal developed, the success of the organization. The generational similarities outnumber the generational differences. According Anick (2008), â€Å"The top reason for happiness in the workplace is the sense of feeling valued† (Table 2. Elements on which members of each generation are mostly similar). The traditional, baby boomers, generation X, and generation Y became involved in the decision making as the new organization structure formed. They shared ideas and offered suggestions for patient care improvement. Informal leaders began to emerge. During the refreezing phase, the stabilization became the norm. The differences in the generational culture became more apparent. More processes, greater accountability, and new required use of technology caused a feeling of less worth for the older generation of health care providers. The younger nurses seemed to adapt more quickly to new systems and techniques. Older nurses began to believe they were less important to the process. The informal leader roles changed. A new information system was installed and education was initiated. This led to more attention on the differences of the generational cultures. Much of the required education was completed on the computer. E-mail is essential for communication within the organization. Some of the traditional generation began to feel left behind. At the end of the first year, many of the health care providers who had survived the previous chaos succumbed to the new advancements and left the organization. Current Organizational Design The current organizational structure of the medical center is a matrix design. The upper administration consists of a chief nursing officer, chief financial officer, and an assistant administrator. This group reports directly to the chief executive officer. The chief executive officer reports to the Board of Trustees. The medical center consists of two distinct campuses, four on-site clinics, and one clinic located off campus. The upper administration is responsible for the organization. The matrix esign is complex and requires good interpersonal skills for dual managers. Each nursing unit has a nurse manager. The nurse managers report to the chief nursing officer regarding any patient care issues. The nurse managers of the behavioral health campus also report to the behavioral health program director for organizational issues. The physicians are under the organizational umbrella for operational regulations but report to the chief medical officer regarding medical patient care. The resource manager has a dual reporting line to the chief nursing officer and the chief financial officer. The matrix requires frequent communication between the dual authorities. Non-management views the frequent meetings as meetings about meetings (Sullivan Decker, 2009) Formal lines of reporting are evident within the organization. The nurse managers report to the chief nursing officer. Managers of departments involving financial business of the hospital report to the chief financial officer. Ancillary and support services report to the assistant administrator. The compliance officer, the pharmacy director and the behavioral health program director report directly to the chief executive officer. The formal lines of reporting are used for recognition of associates, disciplinary offenses, and arbitration of challenges between departments. Patient-Centered Care Environment The organization is creating an environment for client-centered care by the development of a nursing leadership council consisting of direct care providers. The council membership includes seven registered nurses from nursing units with day and night shift representation. The nursing council interviews associates and patients, observes processes, and reports findings to the council. Changes in nursing processes are approved through the nursing council with final approval by the chief nursing officer. The council members were selected using predetermined criteria. The informal leaders of individual departments were chosen for their job performances and their proven leadership skills. The shared governance gives ownership of patient care to the frontline caregivers (Hess, 2004). Organizational Communication Various communication methods are used within the organization. Formal, time sensitive communications are delivered face-to-face or by technology. E-mail and web conferencing are the most frequent used methods for upper administration. Both methods allow quick responses between the communicators. Upper-level management processes the information and decides the best delivery method to the next lower-level management, depending on the subject matter and the expected time frames. Middle management associates attend leadership meetings every two weeks. Management communicates organizational status through these meetings. Plans for future projects are discussed during the leadership meetings. Middle management has e-mail accounts and receives electronic communications on changes. Middle management holds departmental meetings at least monthly to distribute information to the direct care providers. Upper-level management holds open meetings for the direct care providers each quarter. The meetings focus on current organizational trends and plans. Direct care providers ask questions and make suggestions for improvement during the open meetings. Communication boards are placed in strategic areas through the work areas. Information is placed on the communication boards and updated weekly. Questions frequently come from the information from the boards. Conclusion The organizational structure can be descriptive of the culture of the organization. A ridged authoritarian organizational structure defines an organization that does not allow the frontline workers to participate in decisions that affect the organization. The matrix organizational design requires open communication between the leaders of the organization. Added shared governance from the frontline creates more awareness is put on the quality and delivery of the product. Organizational structures vary and are representative of the leadership within.

Ethical Judgments in the Arts and the Natural Sciences Essay -- Ethic

Ethical judgments limit the methods available in the production of knowledge in both the arts and the natural sciences. Discuss. When talking about ethics we have to take in account that it is based on the socially standardized concept of some things being good and some things being bad. Therefore what might be seen as socially unethical arts for some people, in another society or in another time, it probably won’t be so. The same is true for the natural sciences. And even if we take our western society as a base, there are some aspects of ethics and some specific topics of which people do not have a standardized opinion. The idea of it being ethical or not depends on thebeliefs of every individual. In this essay I am going to focus on the fact that some people carry out unethical investigations (in arts), experiments ( in the natural sciences) or processes ( in both), knowing that the people will not accept it. This is because they think that the unethical methods will lead them to an end that is of a greater good, or that will cause more good than bad. Therefore, the question is wether it is worth it to use unethical methods to achieve a goal that might or might not do a lot of good. There are two clear points of view, the one from the people that think that the end justifies the means and the one from the people who decide to follow the socially established ethical rules. First I will give an example of an unethical way to obtain knowledge in the natural sciences and I will show two points of view, then I will give an example of ethical limits in the production of knowledge in the arts and I will give two points of view. Animal testing is a good example of the problem of compromising ethics to achieve something good... ...it the methods that we use to obtain knowledge in the natural sciences and arts but those judgements do not always stop the people from using unethical methods. As long as the person carrying out the experiment or the performance believes that what they are doing ir right or rational, they will not stop doing it willingly. It is better to keep a balance between emotion and reason when deciding about if something is ethical or not and about weather something is worth to be done. The problem with this is that most humans are selfish by nature and they will probaly always choose what is best for them, what is more reasonable to them, not even caring about wether it is ethical or not. Works Cited http://www.peta.org/action/ http://visualmaniac.com/visualmag/videos/yolanda-dominguez-art-activism-on-9-vide http://condignart.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/vic.jpg

He tendency for human beings to copy one another is shown in the popularity of fashion and goods Essay

The tendency for human beings to copy one another is shown in the popularity of fashion and goods. Agree or disagree. Agree – Economic urge – Easy to copy Disagree – Not easy to copy due to complicated procedures – Other fields are easier to be copied Fashion and goods are becoming more similar between brands. Some people think that manufacturers are copying ideas of each other in such products while others claim that this is hardly necessarily reflected mostly in fashion and goods. I believe that in any field, people can copy from other and sometimes, fashion and consumer goods are far from easy imitation. First of all, it is thought that copying the style of fashion and goods is easier than other types of imitation. Just a glance at design is sufficient enough to provide other competitive brands to follow and manufacture right after the original item comes into being. Nevertheless, people’s desire is to enjoy products with good appearance and quality at the same time. Despite the copying trend of outstanding appearance, if the quality of products is below expectation of consumers, for instance, short durability and high price, the latter ones will shun away these items soon. Second of all, people mostly need goods in their daily life. The rate of consumption in daily goods adds up to billions of dollars for producers, which motivates them to copy each other. Yet, when it involves the assembly line and advanced technological applications, it is far from easy to follow suit. Technological goods need expertise, significant investment and long-term research. Hence, though goods may look like each other, they are rarely products of pure emulation and mass- consumed. Chinese products, for instance, in spite of being believed to be of lower price and copy others in the world, are still not as attractive as original ones as created in America and Japan due to their unfashionable design and short-time durability. In addition, copying trend is noticeable in other fields. In arts, the musical style of one nation borrows greatly from that of other countries to enrich cultural heritage of each nation while products of high intellectuality such as writing styles are somehow similar to each other. Even in choice of life, when a person has little inkling about what he or she does in life, it is more likely that he or she will travel the same journey as predecessors to be on the safe side. When it comes to work environment where competition is higher, to ingratiate oneself with bosses, employees are possible to copy ideas of others, which actually proves easier than to imitate the complicated business models to generate fashion designs or consumer goods. â €“ written by lena pham-

History of French Cuisine from Conventional to Extraordinary Essay

Derived from the French language, bon appetit has been a familiar saying known around the world. Meaning good appetite or enjoy your meal, bon appetit exemplifies the French culture. The French have been known for centuries of elegant and exquisite cuisine especially gourmet desserts. Located in Western Europe between Italy and Spain, France has been a hotspot of enriched ancient culture. France flourished into a tourist location which ignited a change in France’s commercial kitchens. Chefs were obliged to create dishes that appealed to a growing audience. French cuisine has evolved extensively over the centuries. However, centuries of bliss and creativity was dampened with years of anguish and turmoil, when Germany occupied France during the Second World War. France’s once plentiful food supply quickly turned scarce. This forced cooks to utilize new substitutions for ingredients and start practical meal planning. The hardships the French cuisine faced during 1940-1944 simultaneously changed the French lifestyle. Modern French food now embodies simplicity yet class; rustic yet modern. Once having everything then being stripped away to nothing, France needed to rebuild a cuisine embracing the past, present, and future. Therefore beginning from World War II to modern day, French cuisine has experienced many changes whereby impacting French culture. An adversary of Germany, France sustained a significant setback when Germany took control. Prior to the German occupation, French food was known has haute or grande cuisine. Traditional haute cuisine is highly noted all around the world. The food is well known due to the immense amount of preparation and presentation that goes into each dish. Precision plays a crucial role in creating an exquisite haute meal (Franklin). However, haute cuisine ceased to exist under German occupation and subsequent food shortages. Lines were long in front of French shops as people hoped to purchase depleted foods and staple products. Burdened with these difficulties, the French government instituted food charts and tickets which were to be exchanged for French staples. Items such as butter, bread, and meat were being rationed. Traditional cuisine then became obsolete due to citizens skimping on spices and decorations. Although the government tried to provide food subsidies, hunger still existed affecting the youth in urban areas. With the absence of standard foods normally seen in their diet, the French people searched for new European dietary substitutes (Beaufort). They ate unusual vegetables, such as Swedish turnip and Jerusalem artichoke. Products such as sugar were replaced by alternatives such as saccharin. In lieu of coffee, toasted barley mixed with chicory became the beverage of choice (â€Å"French Classics†). Scams and trickery got the best of people who were desperate for a meal during this time. Some people utilized the black market. There people could sell food without government tickets. Resulting in the prices being extremely high. Counterfeit food tickets were also in circulation. Along with the black market there was also direct buying from farmers in the countryside. The above activities carried the risk of fines and punishments as they were strictly prohibited by the government. In remote country villages vegetable gardens, the availability of milk products, and illicit animal slaughtering provided better survival for the people verses those living in the large cities (Beaufort). Wine played a key role during World War II as well. Wine is commonly consumed during festive occasions it has been utilized during war as well. Over the years, wine has made an unusual appearance on the battlefield. Commanders have allowed their troops to consume wine on the front lines hoping for an increase in performance and moral. During World War II, the combination of wine and war played out in a heartfelt way. The French army did everything in their power to keep their wine and their national identity out of the hands of the invading German forces (â€Å"Saving†). Although, the German forces did invade France, the consumption of wine on the frontline gave hope to the French soldiers that traditional French culture was being preserved during and after the war. The liberation of France began on June 6th, 1944. The Allied forces put forth into to action their plan, D-Day which was the invasion of France. After World War II, tourism signaled a new beginning for French cuisine. Tourism introduced the demand for haute cuisine at a reasonable price. Japanese, Middle Easterners, British, Americans, and even French travelers were yearning for new food experiences. French chefs were now determined to start a new style of cooking, one that would keep some traditional recipes but implement new ones. New cuisine was a counteraction to the classic haute cuisine (Franklin). New cuisine or Nouvelle was the answer that chefs from all parts of the world were looking for. Nouvelle cuisine had several characteristics. For example it was important that high quality and fresh products were utilized for cooking. The chefs would travel to markets every morning and look for the freshest products. These new and improved cooks would not fathom the idea of using any product that was not absolutely fresh or needed preservatives. Chefs simplified menu cards deleting a long list of dishes. Smaller quantities and choices meant no leftovers guaranteeing freshness. Chefs were looking for quality and became more attracted by unfamiliar products. Foreign influences prevailed and chefs began to use exotic products from Asia, North Africa and Italy (â€Å"Nouvelle Cuisine†). In new cuisine recipes, fewer ingredients were used to enhance purity and light sauces substituted creamy, thick ones. Flexible preparation methods and more experimentation with non-traditional flavors allowed new cuisine to become popular (Franklin). Fortunately, this new cooking style is said to be less fattening. Chefs used limited meat in new recipes which stems from the shortage of meat during World War II. It is perfect for those seeking a healthier lifestyle. Additionally, the new cuisine was prepared with lighter ingredients such as herbs, quality butter, lemon juice, and vinegar. This flexible and less expensive cuisine mainstreamed into restaurants and other eateries (Beaufort). One byproduct of the new cuisine is the menu de degustation or tasting menu that was offered in many restaurants. Achieving notoriety, diners were eager to sample all of the dishes of the new cuisine. Each member in a group had the opportunity to order a different appetizer, main course, and dessert. Tasting menus gave the diners the convenience to experience many varieties. Another byproduct of new cuisine is the choice of a la carte. It is a menu in which the patron makes individual selections from various menu categories and each item is priced separately. Serving single portions was seen as a rare new talent to chefs (Olver). The French culture was launched and savored by people around the world. World War II impacted French living for the better by reevaluating French values and introducing new French cuisine ideas. French cuisine influenced other cultures as well and many countries adapted new French cooking methods. Throughout the centuries, France was noted for its grandiose and eccentric lifestyle. Rich foods and lavish feasts were an integral part of the France culture. Chefs prepared French cuisine with the finest ingredients. Wine was served and enjoyed at every meal. Food was plentiful for all. All of this changed rapidly with the German Invasion in 1940. A ravaged and war torn country left the French people forced to explore new and less expensive ways to provide meals solely for survival. Yet, despite the devastation and hardship the French citizens endured, they utilized these cost effective measures and the importation of ingredients into the development of the nouvelle cuisine. Tasting menus and ala carte menus, not to mention exquisite appetizers and desserts, created the ultimate dining experience enjoyed by patrons. Thus emerged the world renowned and delectable French cuisine that is so popular today.

Explaining Different Types Of Essays - Paperell.com

Explaining Different Types Of Essays Explaining Different Types Of Essays When students start learning at a college, they may wonder â€Å"what is an essay and why do we need to write it while studying at a college and university?† It is not difficult as it’s supposed to be but you need to spend time and use your skills when creating an essay Each essay is a short piece of writing. It usually has a topic so it lets a student show what he or she thinks about it, do a research, make analysis, and present their point of view. The process of essay creating involves reading sources and making deductions. There are many different types of essay writing and each of them can be presented in its specified format. What to keep in mind? When you are going to create an essay, you should know the preferred type and write it in an appropriate format. The difficulty of an essay can be different, from small narrative papers about your experience to bigger complex documents based on your research. Each essay type has its style and objectives. If you donâ€⠄¢t understand how to create a paper of a specific type, you can hire a writer and use a website with essays for sale and other papers. It is a fast way of getting a ready paper on any topic you need.Explaining Different Types Of Essays5-paragraph EssayThis is a short paper that consists of the five paragraphs. The first paragraph is an introduction, it is followed by the three paragraphs of the main body, and the paper end with a conclusion. It has a simple structure so it doesn’t take much time to create.Admission EssayWhen you are applying to any college or university, you can be required to write an admission paper. There you will show that you are worth learning there, present your achievements and skills, and prove why you are better than the others.Argumentative EssayThis type of a paper requires the negotiable topic. It lets you show your opinion about it. Then you find arguments to prove that this opinion and true and you are more right about it than other students o r other members of a conversation.Cause and EffectEvery event has its causes and the research of connections between causes and effects can help you to study fields that haven’t been studied before. It also helps to predict things and make forecasts by the current knowledge.ClassificationThis paper helps you to show your skills of sorting things and dividing them into groups. You have to develop a specific organizing principle and use it to sort things into several categories. You should be able to explain why each item belongs to its category.ComparisonIt lets you compare two or more different artists, historical periods, or other items. You should find differences and similarities between these items and then list them in your paper, go from less to more significant differences and similarities.CriticalIt shows your own position about any painting, book, or other work that was created by another person – you need to tell what do you think about it and why do you thin k so. You should explain your position and your thoughts on the subject.DeductiveWhen having a set of circumstances, a student can make assumptions about the current state of the situation; thus, when preparing a deductive essay, you work with a premise, evidence, and the conclusion.DefinitionIt presents a definition of a specific term. Write a term that you are going to define at the beginning of a paper. Then you need to present information on it, use examples and evidence to create a good definition for this term.ExploratoryMany types require you to define your position and find arguments to prove it. However, the exploratory essay doesn’t need you to express your thoughts. You gather information on a topic, study it and present several different positions about it.ExpositoryIt also doesn’t need to you to show your point of view. It is about facts, evidence, details, and points of view of other people. When writing an expository paper, you can give more information on a subject of your research and explain it to readers.InformalIt is opposite to formal style of paper writing. There are much fewer requirements for the structure, formatting, and order of sections; such documents are usually written for relax and enjoyment, not for scientific objectives.LiteratureYou take a novel, a book, or another type of writing and analyze it. Pay attention to its style, theme, technique, setting, and other elements, don’t retell the story but show your vision of it.NarrativeThis paper is presented as a story and told from your point of view. It lets you write about yourself and your experience. This type is comparatively easy in writing but you still may need an assignment help from professionals.PersonalThis is a paper about yourself, your skills and experience, n your vision of the subject. Show why are you interested in a specific field and how did you learn about it, make sure you can make impression on readers that have never seen you before.Pers uasiveIt is similar to the argumentative style of writing. You do a research on your topic, define your position, find evidence, and provide arguments to convince readers that you’re right. It helps you to develop your persuasive skills.ResearchIt is based on the results of your research. You are able to describe the objectives of your research, used methodologies, sources for information, and the meaning of results of your research.ResponseThis is a paper written in response to any work you have read, watched, or listened. Tell readers whether you agree with it or not, what do you think, what are your impressions and thoughts about it.Scholarship EssayIt is similar to application essay that you write to get a scholarship, here you present your skills and experience, tell about who you are and what your main objectives are, and show why you should win.ConclusionThere are many types of papers and each of them has its style of writing. You need to know the preferred type and yo ur objectives before writing any essay and ask your instructor if there are more requirements. When learning at college or university, you will work with different ways of academic writing. That is why it is better to develop writing skills early. With time, you will create more and more interesting essays. It is recommended to read an essay writing guide before working on the document, it shows you how to present information, how to develop a good structure, and how to prove that you are right. Each type of essay may have its specific guide.

Facts and Key Figures in the Battle of Gettysburg

Facts and Key Figures in the Battle of Gettysburg Dates July 1-3, 1863 Location Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Key Individuals Involved in the Battle of Gettysburg Union: Major General George G. Meade Confederate: General Robert E. Lee Outcome Union Victory, with 51,000 casualties total. Of those, 28,000 were Confederate soldiers. Overview of the Battle General Robert E. Lee had succeeded at the Battle of Chancellorsville and decided to push north in his Gettysburg campaign. He met the Union forces in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Lee concentrated his armys full strength against Major General George G. Meade’s Army of the Potomac at the Gettysburg crossroads. On July 1, Lees forces moved on the Union forces in the town from both the west and the north. This drove the Union defenders through the streets of the city to Cemetery Hill. During the night, reinforcements arrived for both sides of the battle. On July 2, struck the Lee attempted to surround the Union army. First, he sent Longstreets and Hills divisions to strike the Union left flank at the Peach Orchard, Devil’s Den, the  Wheatfield, and the Round Tops. He then sent Ewells divisions against the Union right flank at Culp’s and East Cemetery Hills. By evening, the Union forces still held  Little Round Top  and had repulsed most of Ewell’s forces. During the morning of July 3, the Union struck back and were able to drive the Confederate infantry from their last toe-hold on Culp’s Hill. That  afternoon, after a short artillery bombardment, Lee decided to push the attack on the Union center on Cemetery Ridge. The Pickett-Pettigrew assault (more popularly, Pickett’s Charge) briefly struck through the Union line but was quickly repulsed with severe casualties. At the same time, Stuart’s cavalry tried to gain the Union rear, but his forces were also repulsed. On July 4, Lee began withdrawing his army toward Williamsport on the Potomac River. His train of wounded stretched more than fourteen miles. Significance of the Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg is seen as the turning point of the war. General Lee had  attempted and failed to invade the North. This was a move designed to remove pressure from Virginia and possibly emerge victorious so as to quickly end the war. The failure of Pickett’s Charge was the sign of the Souths loss. This loss for the Confederates was demoralizing. General Lee would never attempt another invasion of the North to this degree.

Internet of Things-Smart Home Literature review

Internet of Things-Smart Home - Literature review Example uniqueness in home appliances such as security cameras, utility meters, thermostats, Blu-ray players and TVs, rather than a feature for the mass-market. As the world moves into a future where connectivity is pervasive and embedded in virtually every household device, this view will become out-dated. According to many analysts, the future smart home is likely to hold between 15 and 30 connected devices and sensors, all linked through a home network and related to service providers’ systems as well as the internet. The array of connected devices will range from usual household appliances through electric vehicle charging infrastructure and solar panels that consume as well as generate electricity. It is expected that the combined revenues from the home energy management (HEM), home automation and smart metering segments will be worth over $44 billion as at 2016. However, the overall potential of the smart home is expected to be considerably greater as devices from the health, ho me security, and entertainment sectors also become connected (Groupe Speciale Mobile Association [GSMA], 2011). This paper aims to undertake a critical review on the smart home. Precisely, this paper shall undertake a review of the smart home techniques that are currently in use, the communication techniques, and the boards used. This paper shall further review the currently used boards against the Teensy board, Adafruit CC3000 board, and an Arduino board with yun processor. Smart Home is a term used to refer to a residence that utilizes a home controller to integrate the different household automation systems within the residence (Robles & Kim, 2010). According to Levy, Taga, Saadoun & Riegel (2012), the Smart Home market consists of four main segments that include home automation/security, home assistance, home cloud, and e-Health. Levy et al (2012) point out that home automation is the centralization on a unique user interface of five major home systems. These include home utility and