How to Celebrate French Candlemas (Jour des Crêpes)

Step by step instructions to Celebrate French Candlemas (Jour des Crã ªpes) The Catholic occasion of Candlemas, praised each year on February 2, is a blowout of crã ªpes that is intended to recognize the refinement of the Virgin Mary and the introduction of child Jesus. In France, this occasion is called la Chandeleur, Fã ªte de la Lumiã ¨reâ or Jour des crã ªpes. Note that this occasion bears no connection to Lyons Fã ªte des lumiã ¨res, which happens December 5 to 8. A Bit of Fortune-Telling Not exclusively do the French eat a great deal of crã ªpes on la Chandeleur, yet they likewise do a touch of fortune-telling while at the same time making them. It is conventional to hold a coin in your composing hand and a crã ªpe skillet in the other, at that point flip the crã ªpe into the air. In the event that you figure out how to get the crã ªpe in the dish, your family will apparently be prosperous for the remainder of the year. French Proverbs and Sayings for Chandeleur There are a wide range of French axioms and maxims for Chandeleur; here are only a couple. Note the likenesses to the Groundhog Day forecasts made in the US and Canada: la Chandeleur, lhiver cesse ou reprend vigueurOn Candlemas, winter closes or deteriorates la Chandeleur, le jour croã ®t de deux heuresOn Candlemas, the day develops by two hoursChandeleur couverte, quarante jours de perteCandlemas secured (in day off), days lostRosà ©e la Chandeleur, hiver sa derniã ¨re heureDew on Candlemas, winter at its last hour The Crã ªpe-Throwing Game Heres a pleasant method to praise la Chandeleur in French classes. All you need are aâ crã ªpe formula, fixings, paper plates and a little prize, for example, a book or a $5 note. Because of an individual French educator for sharing this. The day preceding, solicit a couple from understudies to make a heap of crã ªpes and bring them into class (or make them yourself). For an in any event, playing field, the crã ªpes should be a similar size, around 5 crawls in diameter.Give every understudy a paper plate and compose their name on the base. The object of the game is to get a crã ªpe in the exceptionally focal point of the plate.Stand on a seat around 10 feet from the understudies and toss a crã ªpe, frisbee-style, for understudies to get. When they get the crã ªpe, they cannot wiggle or flip it to attempt to reposition it on the plate.After every understudy has gotten a crã ªpe, ask two grown-ups, for example, individual educators, to come into theâ room and judge which crã ªpe is the most impeccably centered. The champ gets a prize.Then you would all be able to celebrate by eating crã ªpes with a combination of fillings as well as garnishes, which can beâ sweetâ orâ savory.

Macbeth and Macduff free essay sample

Macbeth clarifies that Lady Macbeth detests her powerless self. â€Å"Make thick me blood. † (1:5:44). Woman Macbeth needs to feel no feeling; she needs to quit being a lady and become a progressively prevailing component. For this situation she needs to turn into a man. Shakespeare underpins his clarification by asking Lady Macbeth request that the spirits change her, â€Å"Come to my woman’s bosom/and take y milk for nerve. (1:5:48-49), she doesn’t need what she has in light of the fact that it is of no longer use to her â€Å"gall†. The author’s reason it to educate that Lady Macbeth is the genuine executioner and is utilizing Macbeth as a manikin. The writer writes in a prevailing tone to show Lady Macbeth’s feeling toward change. To start with, Shakespeare depicts a foreboding picture in Lady Macbeth’s monologue, â€Å"The raven himself is raspy. †(1:5:37-38). She discusses the future passing of the ruler. The Raven being the delivery person who declares passing. We will compose a custom paper test on Macbeth and Macduff or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The dissonant word â€Å"hoarse† depicts the raven’s discourse and cruel manner of speaking. At that point, there is a tip in a critical position of the authoritative structure in the play. â€Å"That my sharp blade see not the injury it makes. †(1:5:51). Woman Macbeth knows cap she should have a â€Å"keen knife†, maybe not a blade by any means. A lady, in her perfect spot, ought not be sharp. She should submit and let her better half have all the control. Where as Lady Macbeth needs to be the one with all the force. The dissonant style that Shakespeare utilizes for the Lady Macbeth. That tend on mortal Ruiz2 thoughts† (1:5:40). Woman Macbeths utilizes the brutal â€Å"t† communicates her self-hatred toward her self and her shortcoming. â€Å"Nor keep harmony between† (1:5:45). There is a scary â€Å"e† sound depicted in this line. Shakespeare’s Macbeth depicts the strength ladies have. The predominance and the arrangemen t that Lady Macbeth has over her own better half. She utilizes this capacity to further her potential benefit. All through the play Shakespeare uncovers through more pictures of Lady Macbeth’s prevailing force.

Religion and Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religion and Violence - Essay Example It essentially expects to train individuals and urge them to live together amicably inside the system of specific codes of social lead. In addition, all through mankind's history, it has stayed a significant impact in deciding the social and political structure of countries over the world. Religions, as a rule, look for the prosperity of people and spread the messages of general fellowship and love, harmony and amicability. Prophets in each faction have underscored the need of otherworldliness and entreated their devotees to have compassion toward individual creatures. Be that as it may, all through mankind's history, one goes over wars among various factions of individuals for the sake of religion. In the cutting edge world, where people have become a modern animal categories, gore for the sake of religion despite everything wins clearly because of misguided judgments about religion. The occurrences of viciousness, for the sake of religion, that portray regular day to day existence in the cutting edge society, somewhat will in general prove the theory that religion causes brutality. The Jihad, which the Muslim radicals consider as a Holy War against nonbelievers, has become a reason for certain individuals from that network to enjoy psychological militant exercises against the US and other non-Muslim countries. As per them, their war is for equity that they need to wage against the nonbelievers to hold fast to Allah’s wish. ... The explanation, as indicated by Osama Bin Laden, was to caution America of the help it stretches out to the Jewish people group which has brought about the mistreatment of their Muslim brethren in Israel. He has additionally compromised that the war would proceed until equity is reestablished to the Muslim people group, which is being â€Å"tortured and assaulted† by the Jews. (Intentions in 9/11 Terrorist Attacks). The bombings in London on July 7, 2005, which asserted â€Å"52 lives and harmed 700 people† is one more case of brutality executed by the Al Qaeda, for the sake of religion (London Bombers Staged ‘Dummy Run’). The thought process behind this strategic, to Osama, has been to â€Å"take vengeance against the British Zionist Crusader Government† for the barbarities submitted by them in Iraq and Afghanistan (Quinn standard. 5). The issue of viciousness for the sake of religion doesn't limit toward the West alone. In the Orient, the stressed connection among India and Pakistan, aside from outskirt contentions, can likewise be ascribed to the distinction in the significant strict beliefs in the two nations. There have been numerous cases of psychological oppressor assaults in India and much of the time, the charges demonstrate the contribution of Pakistani residents or the extreme Muslim outfits situated in or working out of Pakistan. The most critical of such scenes is the psychological militant assault in Mumbai, which went on for very nearly four days from November 26 to November 29, 2008. An Indian creator, B. Raman, in his book titled â€Å"Mumbai 26/11: A Day of Infamy,† proposes that the Indian Mujahidin tout their assault on India as the â€Å"war of human advancement between the Muslims and the infidels† (Raman 17). This

Silent Movies (Summary)

Quiet MOVIES Talk to individuals who saw films just because when they were quiet, and they will disclose to you the experience was enchantment. The quiet film, with music, had remarkable forces to bring a group of people into the story, and a similarly intense ability to make their creative mind work. They needed to flexibly the voices and the audio cues, and in light of the fact that their psyches were locked in, they valued the experience even more. The crowd was the last innovative supporter of the way toward making a film. The movies have increased a fascinate and different experience with age at the same time, definitely, they have additionally lost something.The impression they made when there was no adversary to the moving picture was progressively significant, increasingly extreme; contrasted with the effectively available pictures of today, it was the blow of a two-gave hatchet, against the unpolished scratching of a tableknife. The quiet time frame might be known as â€Å" The Age of Innocence† yet it included years unparalleled for their devoted violence. In Europe, somewhere in the range of 1914 and 1918 a bigger number of men were killed to less reason than at some other time ever. In productions of the time, one peruses stunned responses against films demonstrating â€Å"life as it is†.You didn't leave the issues at home mere1? to experience them again at the motion pictures. You paid your cash at first, for neglect. Slowly film going changed from unwinding to custom. In the enormous urban areas, you went to huge picture royal residences, drifting through incense-loaded air to the strains of organ music, to love at the Cathedral of Light. You gave recognition to your preferred star; you obediently communed with the fan magazines. You wore the garments they wore in the motion pictures; you purchased the furniture you saw on the screen.You joined an assemblage made out of each layer of society. What's more, you imparted your praise to S hanghai, Sydney and Santiago. For your preferred diversion had become the most impressive social impact on the planet †surpassing even that of the Press. The quiet film was not just an overwhelming mainstream workmanship; it was an all inclusive language †Esperanto for the eyes. Despite the fact that the class of quiet film blurred it the 30’s it left us a lot of short and full length comedies made by four biggest quiet screen on-screen characters: Charles Chaplin, Harold Lloyd, Buster Keaton and Harry Langdon.The generally darling of the four, the most valued by pundits, Charles Chaplin, was the first to win general approval. Chaplin was an ace of emulate. His virtuoso ad libs immediately pulled in the consideration of American producers. From the outset he turned down all offers yet in 1913 he at last joined Mack Sennet's film organization. His prosperity with the general population was really one of a kind. This reality opened incredible open doors for him to go into business. He demonstrated uncommon flexibility in going about as the maker chief content author artist driving on-screen character of his own comedies.His most well known movies are â€Å"The Kid†, â€Å"The Gold Rush†, â€Å"The Circus† ,†City Lights†, â€Å"Modern Times†. Harold Lloyd and Buster Keaton’s commitment to the class has been significant too. The two humorists utilized story material of a youthful American attempting to be effective as a man, in his affection and in his business. In spite of the fact that they were both talented and unique on-screen characters and they could coordinate Chaplin in his ability it took them longer to get acknowledgment that could contend with Chaplin's fame.However by the mid 1920's both Lloyd and Keaton were at that point notable to people in general and could begin creating highlight films, which implied that they were exceptionally fruitful in the cinematic world. The fourth entertaine r, Harry Langdon, was noted for his man-youngster representation that made him not the same as the other significant humorists of his time. The four incredible entertainers made an extraordinary comic custom that was continued with the sound age. They have given us perfect works of art that will never blur, and they will impact the film comedies yet to be conceived. Quiet Movies (Summary) Quiet MOVIES Talk to individuals who saw films just because when they were quiet, and they will reveal to you the experience was enchantment. The quiet film, with music, had phenomenal forces to bring a crowd of people into the story, and a similarly powerful ability to make their creative mind work. They needed to gracefully the voices and the audio cues, and in light of the fact that their psyches were locked in, they valued the experience even more. The crowd was the last innovative supporter of the way toward making a film. The movies have increased a beguile and different experience with age be that as it may, unavoidably, they have additionally lost something.The impression they made when there was no adversary to the moving picture was increasingly significant, progressively exceptional; contrasted with the effectively open pictures of today, it was the blow of a two-gave hatchet, against the dull scratching of a tableknife. The quiet time frame might be known as â€Å"The Ag e of Innocence† however it included years unparalleled for their devoted violence. In Europe, somewhere in the range of 1914 and 1918 a larger number of men were killed to less reason than at some other time ever. In distributions of the time, one peruses shocked responses against films indicating â€Å"life as it is†.You didn't leave the issues at home mere1? to experience them again at the films. You paid your cash at first, for absent mindedness. Bit by bit film going changed from unwinding to custom. In the huge urban communities, you went to enormous picture royal residences, gliding through incense-loaded air to the strains of organ music, to revere at the Cathedral of Light. You gave proper respect to your preferred star; you obediently communed with the fan magazines. You wore the garments they wore in the films; you purchased the furniture you saw on the screen.You joined a gathering made out of each layer of society. What's more, you imparted your praise to Sh anghai, Sydney and Santiago. For your preferred distraction had become the most impressive social impact on the planet †surpassing even that of the Press. The quiet film was not just a fiery well known workmanship; it was a general language †Esperanto for the eyes. Despite the fact that the class of quiet film blurred it the 30’s it left us a lot of short and full length comedies made by four biggest quiet screen on-screen characters: Charles Chaplin, Harold Lloyd, Buster Keaton and Harry Langdon.The generally darling of the four, the most valued by pundits, Charles Chaplin, was the first to win general approval. Chaplin was an ace of emulate. His virtuoso impromptu creations immediately pulled in the consideration of American movie producers. From the outset he turned down all offers yet in 1913 he at long last joined Mack Sennet's film organization. His prosperity with people in general was genuinely one of a kind. This reality opened extraordinary open doors for him to go into business. He demonstrated uncommon flexibility in going about as the maker executive content author performer driving entertainer of his own comedies.His most celebrated movies are â€Å"The Kid†, â€Å"The Gold Rush†, â€Å"The Circus† ,†City Lights†, â€Å"Modern Times†. Harold Lloyd and Buster Keaton’s commitment to the class has been significant too. The two humorists utilized story material of a youthful American attempting to be fruitful as a man, in his adoration and in his business. Despite the fact that they were both talented and unique entertainers and they could coordinate Chaplin in his ability it took them longer to get acknowledgment that could rival Chaplin's fame.However by the mid 1920's both Lloyd and Keaton were at that point notable to people in general and could begin creating highlight films, which implied that they were exceptionally fruitful in the cinematic world. The fourth on-screen character, Harry Langdon, was noted for his man-youngster representation that made him not quite the same as the other significant humorists of his time. The four incredible humorists made an extraordinary comic custom that was continued with the sound age. They have given us magnum opuses that will never blur, and they will impact the film comedies yet to be conceived.

6 Expert Tips to Start Your Side Hustle

6 Expert Tips to Start Your Side Hustle 6 Expert Tips to Start Your Side Hustle 6 Expert Tips to Start Your Side HustleWhen it comes to getting a side hustle going and earning extra income, are you all talk and no action? Let these successful side hustlers and entrepreneurs help you out…Hey. Did you read our January blog post about getting your side hustle started in 2017?You did? That’s awesome! So how’s your hustle going? What’s that? You haven’t even started it?Don’t worry, folks. We understand. Starting a side gig to earn some extra income is much easier said than done. If you’ve run into problems getting yours off the ground, there’s nothing to be ashamed of.That’s why we reached out to a number of successful side hustlers and entrepreneurs to get some helpful advice. Enjoy!1. Stop sweating the small stuff and just get started.According to digital marketing expert Maddy Osman (@MaddyOsman), one of the most important things you can do to start your side hustle is to just dive in feet first and worry about the details later:“When youre thi nking about creating a side hustle, its easy to feel overwhelmed and get lost in all the details that go into getting starting. You might feel like its necessary to first set up/commission a website, business social media profiles, a logo, and even document templates like contracts. Although these pieces play a role in your eventual success, they shouldnt stand between you and getting your first client or making your first sale.“Seriously, the best move you can make is to just get startedeven if you dont have a website/portfolio, and even if your processes arent in place just yet. After all, the most important move to make is the first one. Many who consider the side hustle lifestyle never make it past the planning stage. You miss 100% of the shots you dont take!“Realize that you can make all of these things perfect over time. If it makes you feel more comfortable when first getting started, outline a schedule for completing each of these necessary piecesâ€"and stick to it!”2. But also have a long-term plan.Just because you get started quickly with your side gig doesn’t mean that you need to skip any planning whatsoever. If you want to sustain your work over a long period of time, you’re going to need a blueprintone that you can stick to.Kristin Marquet (@KristinMarquet) is the founder and managing director of Creative Development Agency. Her advice to aspiring side hustler’s is to make sure your strategy goes out farther than just the next couple weeks:“I made my side business into a full-time income by finding clients through referrals, search engine marketing, and publicity. However, while I was still working in corporate America and I had checked out mentally (since I knew my job was going to be terminated), I found my motivation and inspiration in the creative work I did in my side business. Most of it was PR, copywriting, and graphic design.“The best way you can maintain your passion and motivation while building your business is to plan out a long-term strategy. When I say long-term, I mean at least 12 months. You need to see the big picture.“As the business evolves, itll be easier to maintain that creativity because you will be able to use your side hustle as a creative outlet that is difficult to find at a full-time job.   When youre working on your side hustle, you can follow your passion and take on projects that align with your interests and expertise. Youre not being forced to do work thats both boring and mundane.“If I had stayed at my full-time job, I wouldnt have minded doing the work; it just would not have fueled my passion, whereas the creative work I did in my side business challenged me and kept me motivated.”3. Do your research to make sure no hustles you.If you’re looking for a side gig that involves working for someone else, there’s always the chance that you’re going to get rolled. So take precautions.“I mostly find my side gigs posted on Craigslist,” says Lori Cheek (@loricheeknyc ), founder and CEO of dating app Cheekd (@Cheekd). “You can definitely cross a lot of sketchy offerings but once you find the legit companies, you can sign up for their mailing lists where you’ll get to be the first to hear about new money-making opportunities.“I usually try to find a website associated with the business and check to see if they have a Facebook or Twitter account. I usually don’t do much investigating if the post is written in bad grammar or spelling,” she says.Oh, and definitely steer clear of any gigs that promise free cash. That’s, um, not a real thing.4. For quick and easy cash, try focus groups.If you can find a legit focus group testing in your area, however, they are a fairly simple way to make some moola.“Focus groups are probably the best paying side gig I’ve found,” says Cheek. “I’ve made up to $300 an hour giving my opinion on certain products and services. Sometimes you even walk away with the product you’re reviewing.”“Twice a day I check Craigslist, bulletin boards, and focus-group apps like dscout looking for money-making opportunities. Keywords help guide my searchproduct test, app test, and focus groupand a few hours of work can be worth hundreds with the right opportunity.“Some focus groups can be dull but that’s not always the case. During one related to a new Tony Robbins book, Tony came out afterward, spoke to all the participants and gave us all a free pass to his upcoming inspirational convention. A recent focus group had me tasting beer, not a bad way to make $120, and I’ve even had one-on-one feedback opportunities that pay as much as $400.”5. Check these other great (and underused) side hustles!Aaron Lesher, a CPA with Hurdlr (@hurdlr), a company that helps entrepreneurs simplify their finances, has three little-known side gigs that he recommends:Rent out your spare parking space.Live in a city and have an open parking space during the day? Have people pay you for your unused space by putting it on a service like SpotHero,” says Lesher.Be a part-time mail carrier.Amazon Flex is a rapidly-growing on-demand side gig, provided by Amazon (duh) where you help deliver peoples Amazon packages in your spare time,” he says.“Perks: Amazon claims its drivers make $18-25/hour, which is pretty nice, and you dont have to deal with hauling around a bunch of strangers in your car and managing pick ups, drop offs, etc. Just beautiful silence.”Get paid to play with dogs.“Love dogs, but maybe dont have the time or energy to own a furry friend full-time? Create a profile on Rover, list your availability, and start getting paid to watch or play with dogs while their owners are away. Providers can set their own price and schedule so you only have to dogsit when youre free,” says Lesher.“Of course with any side gig,” he adds, “youre responsible for tracking your own expenses and taxes. Thats where Hurdlr comes in. Its an app that automates your business finances fo r you, so you can worry about making more money from your side hustle.”6. If you want to go full-time, get ready to cut back.Bryan Clayton is the CEO of GreenPal (@YourGreenPal), a company that’s basically like Uber for Lawn Care. Clayton has some great advice for aspiring hustlers who want to turn their side gig into a full-time business:“One of my favorite quotes is by Mark Cuban and he says: The less your expenses the greater your options.“So often when I mentor fellow entrepreneurs who want to quit their full-time job to go all in on their side hustle and their business idea and they have a car payment, live in an apartment or house beyond whats needed, have credit card debt, and wear nice clothes.“The reality is if youre going to turn your side hustle into your dream business youre going to have to be able to live on less than $500 a week when youre starting out.“This may mean bringing on a couple of roommates, renting a spare bedroom out on Airbnb as many nights pe r week ad you can, selling extra clothes of yours on eBay and many many more personal finance hacks.“I did all of these things while starting my business and most the time you can tell pretty early on when talking with somebody if they are going to make it or not by way of the sacrifices they make in their personal finances to get their business going.“This grit, so to speak, not only relates to your personal financial viability. The same mindset spills over into the tenacity with respect to growing your side hustle in a real profit making business.”If you’ve got too much debt and are thinking a bad credit loan is your only option, then getting a solid side gig is a great way to start taking control of your financial life. To learn more about how you can improve your financesand your credit scoregive us a follow on Twitter at @OppLoans  to stay up-to-date on all our latest posts and expert advice!Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsLori Cheek .  Architect turned Entrepreneur, Founder and CEO of Cheekdâ€" a mobile dating app that makes missed connections obsolete. Lori, a Shark Tank Veteran, was recently listed as The Digital Dating Disruptor and One of the Top 10 CEOs to Watch. A University of Kentucky Architectural Graduate, Lori is no longer building structures.  Shes now building relationships.Bryan Clayton is the CEO of GreenPal an online marketplace connecting homeowners with local lawn care professionals. Bryan is a serial entrepreneur in the lawn and landscaping industry having built and sold Peach Tree Inc., a Nashville-based landscape group, growing the firm to over 120 employees to ultimate acquisition by Landscapes USA.Aaron Lesher, CPA. Aaron is a part of the Customer Success and Growth team at Hurdlr. Hes passionate about helping entrepreneurs achieve more financial success. Before joining Hurdlr, Aaron audited Fortune 500 clients at a Big 4 accounting firm. To make sure you know exactly how much in busines s taxes you owe and maximize your deductions, download Hurdlr today.Kristin Marquet  is the founder and managing director of Creative Development Agency. She has generated media placements in the Wall Street Journal, The Today Show, Seventeen, Glamour, and ELLE magazines, Glam.com, and countless other outlets. Kristin holds a masters degree in marketing and PR from New York University and is also a contributor to HuffingtonPost.com, Entrepreneur.com, and NYDailyNews.com. She is the owner of PR consultancy and software company, FemFounder.co, and the founder of the lifestyle startup, TheHauteRebel.com.Maddy Osman creates engaging content with SEO best practices for marketing thought leaders and agencies that have their hands full with clients and projects. Learn more about her process and experience on her website, The-Blogsmith.com and read her latest articles on Twitter: @MaddyOsman.

The Pillar Of A Country Economic Growth Without Environmental Damage - 550 Words

The Pillar Of A Country: Economic Growth Without Environmental Damage (Essay Sample) Content: Economic Growth without Environmental Damage Name Institution Economic Growth without Environmental Damage Reliable arguments point to that economic prosperity and environmental conservation are symbiotic. This follows the notion that economic growth is underlined by the authentication of the well-being of us humans. Economic growth is the pillar of any country. It determines such a nation’s GDP, per capita income, poverty levels and Industrial Growth Rate rank to Human Index Prosperity. Economic growth is reliant on a country’s industrialization while industrialization is dependent on the environment for the providence of raw materials (Noida, 2008). The main purpose of such industries is to promote the development of the general well-being of the human being. This implies that proliferation of industries and related activities do not necessarily acts towards the betterment and conservation of environment. This essay, therefore, explores the possibility of economic growth without environmental damage. Economic growth, just like industrial development, is addictive. Research explicitly shows that during the continuous process of economic growth, people are predisposed to overlook the fact that any iota of economic growth is possible upon application of suitable ecological constraints (Ierland, Straaten Vollebergh, 2001). One of the overriding efforts that global leaders have endeavored in so as to ensure continued economic growth without causing environmental damage is the enactment of policies to combat global warming. The fact that most states have joined hands to form organizations tasked with setting up Global Warming counter measures is an indication that attainment of economic growth without environmental degradation is conceivable (Ekins, 2000). UNESCO is one of the major organizations tasked with the obligation of ensuring economic growth without alteration or upsetting of the global ecological balance. As such, with more of these kinds of organizations and akin efforts, a ny country, as well as the world at large, can accomplish economic growth without damaging the environment. The Kyoto Protocol aims to oversee a world where people can access writing and printing papers without ineludibly cutting trees. Going by the Kyoto Protocol data analysis, industries require at least a third of a tree in order to manufacture 3000 sheets of copy paper. Furthermore, to get one tone of writing and printing paper, manufacturers require 24 trees on average (Noida, 2008). Therefore, one can estimate that it requires 12 trees to produce a tone of newsprint and ground wood. At the Kyoto Protocol convention, policymakers labored tirelessly to guarantee that the world is moving towards paperless working environments, which would essentially lessen environmental degradation. By working without having to use printing papers, ground wood, and writing papers, it is certain that any country can achieve economic growth without having to damage its environment. As of today, most of the vices done to the environment are irreversible given that most natural resources have been utilized and depleted. Crops have failed to grow as needed since industrial waste is polluting water reservoirs thereby rendering it useless or harmful to agricultural use. Thousands of animals and plants have become extinct due to environm...

Post Civil War Reconstructive Era and African Americans

The African American during the Reconstruction Era probably felt victorious as well as discomfited. Prior to the Civil war, slaves vehemently hoped freedom would give them the right of equal status in American society, but to their surprise, their dream of an egalitarian America was impeded after the assassination of President Lincoln. Their lives became drastically different and difficult in an era that was increasingly contumacious to their well wishes. The end of the Civil War brought social, moral, economic and political changes within the historical context of Florida’s history. History books have, in general, portrayed Florida as the most progressive southern state in American history, especially when considering Florida’s†¦show more content†¦It is undoubed that upon hearing the Emancipation Proclamation many former slaves in Florida rejoiced. They may have celebrated that a ‘new America’ would now accommodate to their needs. Would it last? According to Kevin Emmett Kearney, Floridians were willing to compromise by accepting â€Å"negro† rights during the reign of Johnson’s elected provisional governor William Marvins (1865). Similarly, William Watson Davis reported that Marvins preached legal acceptance for former slaves. For,†unless the negro finds protection in the courts of justice he becomes the victim of every wicked, depraved, and bad man whose avarice may prompt him to refuse payment of just wages or whose passions may excite to abuse or mal-treatment,†Marvin’s is quoted as saying at a congressional convention. Nonetheless, Marvins still asserted the social superiority of the â€Å"white man.† Thus, Florida’s Reconstructed congress only marginally passed laws to met Johnson’s demands to re-enter the Union. Consequently, Florida African Americans continued to suffer racial injustice in all aspects of life. The provisional government (in florida) was made u p of Ex-Confederates who inherently saw African Americans as inferior, especially when we consider the revised constitution that Marvins passed. African American’s were declared social, political, and civil outcasts by Florida’s provisional government upon ratification of the new stateShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War And Reconstruction Period Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War and Reconstruction period provided African American people with a legal definition of citizenship through three constitutional amendments. Beginning with the 13th Amendment slavery was abolished, then 14th Amendment provided equal protection under the law, and lastly the 15th Amendment allowed all men, including African Americans, the ability to vote. 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The Between 1879 And 1980 - 1833 Words

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Management and Operations Management Theory - 1282 Words

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Pakistan Essay - 861 Words

Pakistan: Foreign Policy Pakistan, a land of many splendors and opportunities, a repository of a unique blend of history and culture for both the East and West has been the cradle of one of the oldest civilizations. The Indus valley, is the ninth most populous Area in the world, with 134 million tough, conscientious, hard working people wishing and striving hard to enter into the 21st century as equal partners in the community of the different developed nations. During the last 20 years Pakistans economy has been one of the fastest growing in the world-the seventh fastest in Asia (www.forisb.org/fpolicy). Pakistans economy has been becoming large on a worldwide scale, with the annual gross domestic product growing at more than six†¦show more content†¦Pakistan now has a highly developed financial sector consisting of local as well as foreign commercial banks, investment banks, leasing companies, mutual funds and varies other fund companies. 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Comparitive Life Cycle Costing for of a Gasoline and a Hybrid Car Free Essays

string(159) " of the models of Honda is â€Å"The Civic Hybrid 2008† which is the latest model which uses hybrid technology for propulsion, which is taken into study \(www\." COMPARITIVE LIFE CYCLE COSTING FOR OF A GASOLINE AND A HYBRID CAR Digvesh khot , Narendran Neelagandan ABSTRACT The depletion of the fossil fuels is emerging as a concern for the whole world. The major sources for the consumption of this fossil fuel are our vehicles that use much of the oil for their operation. The need has been felt to devise the alternative fuel for our vehicles which should be the sustainable option so that it does not contribute to the environmental impacts rigorously. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparitive Life Cycle Costing for of a Gasoline and a Hybrid Car or any similar topic only for you Order Now The objective of the comparative analysis is to know the feasibility of the hybrid car against the petrol car. The procedure adopted for the comparative analysis is to do life cycle costing of both the engines by considering the cost, benefits, maintenance and repairs for both the engines. The weight scoring model was also developed to analyze the feasibility of both the engines on the grounds of terms like safety, comfort, emissions and incentives. After completing the comparative analysis the life cycle costing model and the weight scoring model yield the results which were analyzed and the necessary recommendations were made. The results of the comparative analysis revealed that though the Hybrid cars initially cost more, but if they are run for more than 20,000 miles than the total cost per mile is less than the petrol cars. Also weighing model for both the cars gives more weightage to hybrid cars in terms of emissions and incentives. KEYWORDS: Life Cycle costing, alternative fuels, hybrid vehicles, petrol engines. LITERATURE REVIEW Today the major problem the whole world is facing is the depletion of fossil fuels. Most of the vehicles run on these fossil fuels. It is estimated that if the consumption of these fossil fuels continues at the same rate then by the end of 2030 the fossil fuels will get reduced by 50% of the current value and the prices will increase by $10/ gallon (Kibert, 2008). To overcome this problem a lot of automobile companies are working on the new design of engine which will work on some other source of energy other than fossil fuels. So hybrid model cars were developed keeping in mind of these problems. The first hybrid car model was developed by Dr Ferdinand Porsche in 1902 using a petrol engine, rotating at a constant speed to drive a ynamo, which charged the accumulators (www. wikipedia. com; 10, 2008). These accumulators fed current to electric motors contained within the hubs of the front wheels. Before this several advancements were made in non-gasoline motors, mainly electric cars (www. wikipedia. com). Such non-gasoline car was invented somewhere around years from 1832 and 1839, by Robert Anderson of Scotland a nd his electric carriage (www. wikipedia. com; 10, 2008). After that several car manufactures have been working on different technology for a long time and recently hybrid cars were developed (www. wikipedia. com; 10, 2008). Hybrid cars are vehicles driven by hybrid engines, which are any engine that combines two or more sources of power, generally gasoline and electricity (Lipman, et. al, 2003). There are two types of gasoline-electric hybrid cars; the parallel hybrid, and the series hybrid. Both of these use gasoline-electric hybrid technology (Lipman, et. al, 2003). In parallel hybrid cars, the gasoline and electric motors work together to move the car forward. In series, the gasoline engine either directly powers an electric motor which in turn powers the vehicle or charges the battery that will in turn power the motor(Lipman, et. l, 2003). Both these type of hybrid cars use another technology called Regenerative braking which stores the kinetic energy that is created while braking. This energy is stored in a battery which runs the electric motor. (Lipman, et. al, 2003) PROJECT SUMMARY This project was based on the life cycle costing and the comparative analysis of the hybrid engines and the petrol e ngines. The goal of the project was to calculate the total cost of both the engines during their life cycle and to analyze their performance and the impacts of environments. The first objective was to develop the life cycle cost model for studying their performance with respect to the annual mileage and the total cost per year spent on both type of cars. The second objective was to develop the weight scoring model for both types of cars to analyze them on the grounds of safety, comfort, emissions, and incentives. Life cycle model for both the cars were developed using the cost components like depreciation, fees and taxes, finance, fuel, insurance, maintenance , and repairs. All the data for these cost components for both types of engines were collected from the company websites and the EPA website. After the collection of these data, the life cycle cost model has been used for calculating the total life cycle cost for hybrid as well as petrol engines. The results were analyzed for both the alternatives and the conclusions were made. Weight scoring model was also developed for the comparative analysis which included the components like safety, comfort, emissions, and the incentives. The relative weights for these components were assigned according to the priorities from the consumer point of view. The rating points were also assigned and both the cars were rated according to the aforesaid components. The sources for the data were the company websites and the EPA websites for the emission data was also cited. The results of the Weight scoring model were then analyzed and the final conclusions were made. The comparative study for both the cars revealed that the hybrid cars are more efficient in terms of long term usage than the petrol cars. CASE STUDY DESCRIPTION Many car manufactures are working on this hybrid technology to improve the fuel consumption and decrease the emission levels and Honda is one of the leading car manufacturers who have released different hybrid models into the market (www. onda. com; 11, 2008). One of the models of Honda is â€Å"The Civic Hybrid 2008† which is the latest model which uses hybrid technology for propulsion, which is taken into study (www. You read "Comparitive Life Cycle Costing for of a Gasoline and a Hybrid Car" in category "Life" honda. com; 11, 2008). The Civic Hybrid 2008 uses gasoline and electric power train for the propulsion. The engine is a 1399cc, 4 cylinder aluminum-alloy engine which supplies a power of 110hp@6000rpm (www. honda. com; 11, 2008). The electric motor supplies a maximum of 158 volts (www. honda. com; 11, 2008). The functioning of the system at various stages is different and is explained below. STARTING: The car uses an IMA (Integrated motor assist) system motor to start. If the IMA battery-pack charge is too low or if it’s very cold outside, the system has a separate battery and starter motor to back it up. (www. honda. com; 11, 2008) ACCELERATION: When extra acceleration is needed, while passing or climbing up an inclined region, the IMA System’s electric motor adds its torque automatically to the engine’s to give extra power. (www. honda. com; 11, 2008) CITY CRUISING: At steady speeds below 35 mph on level roads and under light throttle, fuel injection is ceased and the car is propelled olely by the electric motor. (www. honda. com; 11, 2008) HIGHWAY: At higher cruising speeds, the gasoline engine provides the motive power. The motor has been developed in such a way that it reduces the fuel consumption to particular levels. (www. honda. com; 11, 2008) BRAKING: The cars IMA System tap’s the kinetic energy that is produced in the vehicle, when b rakes are applied. During that period, the system’s motor turns itself into a generator, and helps in slowing down the car while at the same time it builds up the energy stored in the batteries. www. honda. com; 11, 2008) AT A STOP: When stopped, the gasoline engine automatically shuts off. When we lift our foot off the brake, and the engine restarts automatically. (www. honda. com; 11, 2008) These setups have been made to increase the vehicle performance and make them fuel efficient. The benefits of the refined gasoline electric power train are fuel economy and environment friendly emissions. This vehicle is certified by Environment protection agency (EPA) and passes all the regulation of EPA 2008 for environment. This car is also equipped with the rating of Advanced Technology of Partial Zero Emission Vehicle (AT-PZEV) which is the most stringent emission standards of United States which in turn is certified by California Air Resource Board (CARB). The technology being new is expensive and the initial cost for hybrid car is high as compared to the petrol engine cars. But if compared the life cycle cost is considerably less as compared to petrol engine due to the benefits of low emissions and fuel economy of the hybrid cars. (www. honda. om; 11, 2008) The petrol version of 2008 Honda civic sedan which is currently out in the market, is a normal car that runs on a gasoline engine. The engine is a 1799cc aluminum-alloy which produces 140hp@6300rpm (www. honda. com; 11, 2008). Gasoline or petrol engines are basic internal combustion engines which run on volatile fuels. They use air and fuel mixed together and a spark plug which produces the fire for combustion. The energy that is created is used to run the drive shaft which in-turn runs the wheel (www. wikipedia. com; 10, 2008). Petrol engines were developed by the engineers Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz (both from Germany) in 1885 who both together started the Daimler-Benz car plant (www. wikipedia. com; 10, 2008). Gasoline engines are the widely used internal combustion engines which have been under constant improvisation to improve their efficiency and to reduce the emission levels from them (www. wikipedia. com; 10, 2008). Different industries have been working towards that and Honda is one of the industries who have taken serious steps to reduce the emission levels from normal gasoline engines. www. honda. com; 11, 2008) These are the two products for which the life-cycle cost model analysis is going to be created. LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL DESCRIPTION The Life Cycle Cost (LCC) model for comparative analysis of hybrid and the petrol cars was based on following cost components: †¢Depreciation †¢Insurance †¢Financing †¢Taxes and fees †¢Fuel †¢Maintenance †¢Repairs The sourc e for developing the model was (Shtub, et. al; 2005). LCCcars = LCCdepreciation + LCCinsurance+ LCCfinancing+ LCCtaxes and fees+ LCCfuel + LCCmaintenance+ LCCrepairs. The LCC model for car is the summation of the all the cost components which will yield the total life cycle cost (Shtub, et. al; 2005). The assumptions that have been made are in terms of time frame and the cost components are as follows: 1. Time frame: The time frame for calculation has been taken as 5 years. All the data for the cost components are based on 5 years. 2. Depreciation: it is the value of the vehicle which declines as the vehicle gets older. The age of the vehicle is related to the number of miles it has travelled. For both the cars it the average of 15, 000 miles per year is being considered. 3. Insurance: It is the average annual insurance that has been taken into account. The premium charged per year for the insurance of the car has been taken from the website of Honda company for the Louisiana state. 4. Financing: This is the interest expense on a loan in the amount of true market value purchase price + destination charge + base sales tax initial fees (www. honda. com; 11, 2008). The values for these expenses are considered for Louisiana region assuming the 10% down payment and a loan term of 60 months. 5. Taxes and fees: we have included base sales taxes, license and registration fees in Louisiana region (www. dmunds. com, 11/2008). 6. Fuel: Assuming 45% driving on freeways and 55% driving in city we have collected the data for the fuel from www. epa. gov. 7. Maintenance: We have considered both the scheduled and the unscheduled maintenance in this cost components. 8. Repairs: the estimated expenses for repairs that do not come under the manufacturer’s warranty f or five years, is taken as repairs. (www. edmund. com;11, 2008) The life cycle costing has been done for three conditions and they are: †¢Condition 1: cost component data for USA †¢Condition 2: cost component data for Louisiana. Condition 3: distance travelled is 10, 000 miles with a 55% driving in city and 45% driving on freeways. CHECK LIST MODEL DESCRIPTION The weighing model that has been created has taken into consideration of few factors which are not taken into account by many car owners. Factors like safety, comfort, and emissions do not play a significant factor for many people who plan to buy a car. This motivated us to create the scoring model for these factors. For the Honda civic Dx (2008 model) and Honda civic hybrid (2008, model) safety, comfort, and emissions are taken into account and the relative weights are given. The safety features are good for the in the midsize segment with disc for the front, 4 wheel ABC and the airbags for the head, and side (www. honda. com; 11, 2008). But these can be improved to the next level by adding the disc brakes to all the wheels and by increasing the number of airbags. The comfort level is taken into consideration as some people spend more time in the car driving around, so the comfort level plays an important part. The next criteria are the emission levels of the car which is taken into consideration for analyzing the environmental impact of them. The last criteria is the incentives that are being offered for the buying a hybrid cars. The source for developing the weighing model was (Shtub, et. al; 2005). On the basis of the above criteria the weighing model has been developed and the results were analyzed to make conclusions. RESULTS Life cycle costing Model 1: Honda Civic Dx 4 door Sedan Condition 1: cost component data for USA Maximum or manufacturer’s suggestion retail price: $ 15, 810. Owner ship: 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 10,112 Fees and taxes 730 Finance 2331 Fuel9945 Insurance8348 Maintenance1720 Repairs643 Total life cycle cost37645 Note: The miles driven are kept constant and the values are tabulated for USA Source: www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov – fuel data. Condition 2: cost component data for Louisiana. Maximum or manufacturer’s suggestion retail price: $ 15, 810. Owner ship: 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 9002 Fees and taxes 1407 Finance 2963 Fuel8478 Insurance10119 Maintenance2934 Repairs625 Total life cycle cost35528 Note: the above values are taken for Louisiana region Source: www. utochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov- Fuel data. Condition 3: distance travelled is 10, 000 miles with a 55% driving in city and 45% driving on freeways. Maximum or manufacturer’s suggestion retail price: $ 15, 810. The car has driven for 10,000 miles (55% city and 45% freeways) Owner shi p: 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 8851 Fees and taxes 1194 Finance 2405 Fuel6568 Insurance6759 Maintenance1176 Repairs564 Opportunity cost2999 Total life cycle cost30, 518 Note: the cost per mile for 10,000 miles is $. 1, for 15,000 miles is $. 48, and for 20,000 miles $0. 46. Source: www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov- Fuel data. Model 2: Honda Civic hybrid 4 door Sedan Condition 1: cost component data for USA Maximum or manufacturer’s suggestion retail price: $ 22, 600. Owner ship: 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 11993 Fees and taxes 1974 Finance 4117 Fuel6155 Insurance10622 Maintenance2932 Repairs625 Total life cycle cost38478 Note: The miles driven are kept constant and the values are tabulated for USA Source: www. utochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov – Fuel dat a. Condition 2: cost component data for Louisiana. Maximum or manufacturer’s suggestion retail price: $ 22,600. Owner ship: 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 13128 Fees and taxes 511 Finance 3331 Fuel6846 Insurance9252 Maintenance1920 Opportunity cost3857 Repairs679 Total life cycle cost39525 Note: the above values are taken for Louisiana region Source: www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. ww. epa. gov – fuel data. Condition 3: Distance travelled is 10, 000 miles with a 55% driving in city and 45% driving on freeways. Maximum or manufacturer’s suggestion retail price: $ 22, 600. The car has driven for 10,000 miles (55% city and 45% freeways) Owner ship: 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 12189 Fees and taxes 1157 Finance 3615 Fuel4536 Insurance7491 Maintenance1402 Repairs596 Opportunity cost3212 Total life cycle cost34198 Note: the cost per mile for 10,000 miles is $. 68, for 15,000 miles is $. 51, and for 20,000 miles $0. 47. Source: www. autochannel. om, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov – Fuel data. Sensitivity analysis The data used for sensitivity analysis was miles per year travelled and the increment taken for it was 5000. For Model 1: Honda Civic Dx 4 door Sedan No of milesCost per mile($)Data source 100000. 61www. epa. gov 150000. 48www. epa. gov 200000. 46www. epa. gov 250000. 47www. epa. gov For Model 2: Honda Civic hybrid 4 door Sedan No of milesCost per mile($)Data source 100000. 68www. epa. gov 150000. 51www. epa. gov 200000. 47www. epa. gov 50000. 45www. epa. gov The initial cost for the petrol engine may be less than the hybrid cars but after 20000 miles of running hybrid cars are more fuel efficient than the petrol engines. After performing the sensitivity analysis we observed that initially the cost per mile for petrol is less than the hybrid cars , but as you increase the number of miles after 20,000 miles hybrid cars become more fuel efficient. The breakeven point on the sensitivity graph shows the changing nature of fuel efficiency for hybrid cars and petrol cars. Weight scoring method (Shtub, et. al; 2005). Weighing model for Honda civic DX 2008: For all criteria and the relative weight the values are assumed according to the priority of consumer. CriteriaRelative weightExcellent 30(assumed)Good 20(assumed)Fair 10(assumed)Poor 0(assumed)Factor score safety. 3v6 Comfort. 2v2 emissions. 4v2 incentives. 1v0 total1. 0010 Source: www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for criteria data except the fuel data and www. epa. gov for fuel data. Weighing model for Honda civic hybrid 2008: For all criteria and the relative weight the values are assumed according to the priority of consumer. CriteriaRelative weightExcellent 30(assumed)Good 20(assumed)Fair 10(assumed)Poor 0(assumed)Factor score safety. 3v6 Comfort. 2v4 emissions. 412 incentives. 1v3 total1. 00v25 Source: www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for criteria data except the fuel data and www. epa. gov for fuel data. The weighing score model shows that for hybrid cars the factor score is more than the petrol car and the reason is the hybrid cars are more emission free than the petrol car, also the criteria of the incentive for hybrid car makes it more preferable for the customers. The hybrid cars have a 25-100% federal tax credit which could move people towards buying the hybrid cars which are environmentally friendly as compared to petrol (www. honda. com; 11/2008) . Conclusions After carrying out the life cycle costing, sensitivity analysis, and the weight scoring the following conclusions can be reached: †¢Though the petrol cars are cheaper than the hybrid cars but the life cycle cost of hybrid cars after 20,000 miles makes it the better option. †¢Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, petrol cars do not serve to be the best option. Hybrid cars produced less emission than the petrol engines so they are environmentally friendly cars which makes them a sustainable product. †¢The incentives offered by the federal state government for buying the hybrid car may serve as a good step towards motivating people to go for hybrid option Bibliography autochannel. (2008). comparison of hybrid cars and petrol engine cars for miles travelled. Retrieved 11 24 , 2008, from www. autochannel. com. Avraham Shtub, j. F. (2005). Project management process, methodology and economics. pper saddle river, new jersey: pearson, prantice hall. edmund. (2008). cost comparison data for hybrid and petrol cars. Retrieved 11 24, 2008, from www. edmund. com. environmental protection agency. (2008). emissions for hybrid and petrol engines. Retrieved 11 29, 2008, from www. epa. gov. Environmental protection agency. (2008). fuel cost for hybrid and petrol engines. Retrieved 11 29, 2008, from www. epa. gov. H. Paul Barringer, P. D. (1996). Life Cycle Cost Tutorial. Houston, Texas: Marriott Houston Westside. Heather L. MacLean, e. (2000). A Life-Cycle Comparison of Alternative Automobile Fuels. journal of the air and waste management association , 1769-1779. honda USA. (2008). hybrid cars and petrol cars. Retrieved 11 24, 2008, from www. honda. com. Jeremy Hackney, R. d. (1999). Life cycle model of alternative fuel vehicles: emissions, energy,and cost trade-offs. science direct journal , 243-267. lester lave, h. m. (2000). life cycle analysis of automobile fuel/propulsion technologies. environmental science and technology , 1600-1698. Steven Kmenta, K. I. (2000). SCENARIO-BASED FMEA: A LIFE CYCLE COST PERSPECTIVE. Baltimore, Maryland: ASME. the fuel cell vehicle analysis of enegy use, emission and cost . (1998). pergamon , 381-385. Timothy E. Lipman, M. A. (2003). Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Design Retail and Lifecycle Cost Analysis. Berkeley, California 94720: Energy and Resources Group. wikipedia. (2008). hybrid engines and petrol ngines. Retrieved 10 29, 2008, from www. wikipedia. com. Kibert, C. J. (2008). Sustainable Construction . New Jersey: John Willey and Sons. How to cite Comparitive Life Cycle Costing for of a Gasoline and a Hybrid Car, Essays

Model Developing Communication Skills Among -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Model Developing Communication Skills Among? Answer: Introducation Effective business communication is necessary for establishing the successful customer and workers interactions. It is important for both the listener and the speaker to share the responsibility of making the clarification of the message that is to be conveyed. According to Bergener et al., (2012), effective communication process is not only about interaction, it depends on the choice of words, body language, voice tone, and clarification of the messages. When I am working with my co-workers, I need to make the rectification on developing the effective communicational efficiency. It has been observed that people from different geographical background present the different communicational attribute that create the diverse impact on the situation. In this study, I have used five diagnostic tools to evaluate my communication skills that I need to use at my workplace. The scores obtained from these diagnostic tests would help me in understanding my area of improvement in order to develop efficient communicational attributes. First, I have used self-perceived communication competence tool, which helped me in understanding the underlying barriers that I might face in communicating with my co-workers at the workplace. Second tool is self-perceived communication competence, which perceives the different situation that I might experience while working with other people. The diagnostic tool of intercultural communication apprehension presents the report of the competency skills that I need to maintain while communicating with the people diverse in cultural background and personal traits (Robles, 2012). I have observed that while communicating with the people from different cultural background, I might have to deal with the innumerable language barriers as well as the cultural barriers as well. While dealing with the people from different cultural and linguistic values, I shall improve the competency skills to communicate in the cross-cultural situations. I can even utilize the non-verbal communication process to communicate with the people from different cultural background. The non-verbal communication deals with the various body languages, written communication, facial expression, and signs (Royle Laing, 2014). I have to be cautious about present these non-verbal gestures as I need to clarify the message. The non-verbal communication is often misi nterpreted that can affect the corporate environment. The self-perceived communication competence scale (SPCC) diagnostic tool provides me the insights about my personality trait that is foreseen while I am working with my coworkers at my workplace. The obtained scores from this diagnostic tool signify that I need to be more competent to deal with the different uncertainties that may occur within the workplace. It is notable that while working with the other employees from various cultures, I might have to face the considerable challenges around. However, it is necessary to respond to the situation accordingly. I need to bring the improvements in my communicational competency in such situation. The maintenance of the flexibility is essential for me to discuss any crucial situation. I can take the active participation in the group discussion. If my business managers want me to take the participation in any group discussion, I take this opportunity to develop my communicational efficiency. On the other hand, it is also noticeable that my public communication is not much commendable. I need to develop the competency in interacting in public and improve my performance during the group discussion process. In fact, the cultural and lingual barriers signify the challenges that I may face at my workplace that would create the obstacle in establishing a good rapport with the new colleagues. Another diagnostic tool, Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety determines the nervousness of a communicator during the delivery of the speech in a conference or in front of others (Novik Podgrecki, 2015). It is noticeable that in a conference meeting, people perceive different psychological values. When I become a speaker, I always concentrate on delivering the speech in an effective way. While conducting this test, I have observed that I possess an effective and active listening skill that helps in providing the remarkable speech. In the personal report of public speaking anxiety, I scored average as I need some improvements in delivering speech. I need to work on minimizing my nervousness while communicating in public. The report obtained from non-verbal immediacy scale highlights that I face the several recognizable challenges in maintaining the non-verbal communication with the other workers at my workplace. Non-verbal communication needs to be skilled enough while maintaining the interactive sessions with others. People from different cultural background face the negative consequences as well (Mascle, 2013). Hence, when I deal with the people from different geographical, cultural, and lingual background, it becomes quite difficult for me to cope with situation. My body language, gestures, facial expression, and signs to develop an appropriate non-verbal communication skill. The diagnostic tool used in talk-aholic scale, I have observed that the assertive perception efficiency level in quite higher in me that helps me in staying positive towards different situation. I need to calm myself down in occurrence of any uncertainties and I have that ability since I have full control on my speech. I have the capability of deciding when to use my words or when I need to keep myself quiet. Hence, I have scored commendable level in this aspect. As a speaker or the communicator, it is essential for me to present the equal competency level while responding to others. The evaluation report of the self-perceived competence skills reflects that I have scored 45 in acquaintance, 62 in Dyad, 56 in stranger, 50 in meeting, and 95 in friend. The report provides me the idea that I should not face any challenges while communicating with the friends. The communication with the strangers is considerably low, which specifies that I am not much flexible in maintaining the effective communication with strangers. However, my communication in a group discussion is quite remarkable even though I scored average in the meeting. It is thus necessary for me to concentrate on developing the communication while I am communicating with the people from different background. The result received from the intercultural communication apprehension sheet provides the insights that I scored only 46, which is too average. It depicts that I maintain an average competency level while communicating with the people from different cultural background. In a cross-cultural environment, I experience the difficulties with the strangers. The lingual and cultural barriers are quite difficult for me to cope with and due to such difficulties, I am forced used my non-verbal communication skills. I need struggle while presenting my point of view as they are unable to understand my language. The non-verbal skills are thus used for sending or receiving the message. However, it is necessary for me to get accustomed with such uncertainties since I am working within a workplace that is full of people from different cultural background. The challenges are quite expected in such cases. The tension and nervousness is quite recognizable while I communicate with the people from diverse culture. I need to improve my competency level in such regards to make the considerable progress in my career. The result shows that I have scored 95 in Personal report of Public Speaking Anxiety, which is quite moderate. It clearly depicts that I need improvisation in making myself competent enough in communicate much efficiently in different situation. I am working in a multinational organization in which people from different background work together and perform the organisational functionalities. Therefore, it is quite obvious that I need to communicate with them with more efficiency by diminishing my nervousness and anxiety. The non verbal skill report, on the other hand, highlights my score of 85, which determines the higher efficiency level in this aspect. While communicating with the people from diverse cultural background, I use the remarkable non-verbal communication skills. I scored 25 in talkaholic scale, which indicates that I am quite efficient as a communicator or performer. However, I have obtained the idea that I need to get hold of my speech in accordance with the situation. It is essential to derive the idea about the reaction and the method of keeping it in control. The intercultural communication skills are not quite commendable in my case. The effective intercultural communication helps people in generating the ability of interacting people with diverse culture and lingual background. If the organization maintain the cultural diversity, it would become easier for me to develop considerable intercultural communication ability. The appropriate language use and communication process helps in developing the good performance within a workplace. The nervousness and consciousness create the barriers in conveying my messages that is quite considerable weakness. The ideas derived from the tests through these diagnostic tools, I can come to conclusion that I need to make myself more efficient in dealing with the people from diverse cultural and lingual background. While working together within the workplace, it s necessary to develop effective communication to convey the important message. I have the good listening skills that makes me understanding the ir perceive values. However, making the clear and frequent approach in communicating with others would be required to improve my professional and personal skills. Conceptual Analysis of Inter-cultural Communication The development of the intercultural communication is essential in every aspect. Especially, while working in a multinational corporation, people deal with many workers who belong to the diverse cultural, geographical, and lingual background. An efficient employee knows the method of establishing the effective communicational transparency with others that would help in developing the productive work culture. According to Keyton et al., (2013), it is essential for the employees to exchange the necessary views and thoughts while working together in a workplace. The ineffective communication of an employee can affect the work functionalities in a recognizable way (Quintanilla Wahl, 2015). The effective intercultural communication helps people in generating the ability of interacting people with diverse culture and lingual background. If the organization maintain the cultural diversity, it would become easier to develop considerable intercultural communication ability (Hildebrand, 2017) . The appropriate language use and communication process helps in developing the good performance within a workplace. A multinational corporation consists of people from different cultural background that have the clear impact on delivering the effective performance. In such regards, it is essential to maintain the effective cross cultural communication to prevent the cultural and lingual barriers. Fleisher and Bensoussan (2015) implied that the interaction with the diverse cultural background may affect the decision-making process within a workplace. People from different cultural background perceive differently. Their psychological values are also quite different to each other, which creates the challenges in developing the effective decision making suitable for the business. it is quite difficult to decide upon one particular point of view since people perceive things in a different manner. For example, some people agree upon setting any particular priority, which is rejected by others. Cardon and Marshall (2015) exclaimed that the good performance of an organization depends on the efficient and remarkable communication skills that creates the transparency in conveying messages. In such cases, when the difficulties emerge in establishing the verbal communication, the non-verbal communication can be utilized. Non-verbal communication can be developed if there is the proper ma intenance of the transparency level (Eggenberger, Heimerl Bennett, 2013). Presenting the concerns through facial expression, written communications, and helpful signs can develop an efficient non-verbal communication. On the contrary, Deepa and Seth (2013) argued that the intercultural communication is beneficial for the business organizations. It has been observed that during the intercultural communication process, people present the different views and perceive values. These different views create the innovative performance efficiency, which can turn out to be much beneficial and profitable for the organization. In fact, this cultural diversity would contribute to the accomplishment of the business goals in a significant manner (Daim et al., 2012). In addition to this, the intercultural communication develops the personal attributes of the associated people that drive the organization towards success. Necessity of Self-Perceived Communication The self-perceived communication determines the reaction of the individual under the diverse nature of the organisational situations. It is noticeable that the organizations usually experience diverse situations and the employees need to face every uncertainty. The occurrence of the crisis situation sometimes affects the mental state of the mental state of the employees (De Grez, Valcke Roozen, 2012). Employees often go through the pressurized situation for maintaining the appropriate balance in performing the organisational functionalities. They even need to attend the group discussion, meetings and communication programs with friends, strangers, and many other people. The effective communicational transparency helps an individual to maintain the diverse work culture within a workplace. It is sometimes noticed that if the individual feels uncomfortable in communicating with the people belong to different cultural background; it may lead to negative circumstances. However, the study sheds lights on the self-perceived communication, which imply that it is necessary to develop the effective communicational transparency even in the situation of the emergency (Brink Costigan, 2015). Especially, in a multinational corporation, the communicational transparency helps in delivering the productive solution for accomplishing the business goals. During a group discussion, the intercultural communication process becomes easier. In a group discussion, a individual needs to communicate with a number of strangers. This communication is quite effective in understanding different perceptive values, point of views, and the cultural attributes. The focus should be provided on the flow of communication, which would benefit the situation at that very moment. Baruah (2012) suggested that while dealing with the corporate environment, an individual must be prepared for every situation. The effective intercultural communication helps people in generating the ability of interacting people with diverse culture and lingual background. If the organization maintain the cultural diversity, it would become easier to develop considerable intercultural communication ability. The appropriate language use and communication process helps in developing the good performance within a workplace. They need to attend meetings, take active participation in a group discussion, and contribute to the training session. In such sequences, they need to be more skilled to convey their messages and receive the messages from the other end. While working under a multinational corporation, people meet others who belong to different cultural, geographical, and lingual background. It is necessary for an individual to develop an efficient communication skill, be it verbal or non-verbal, to determine the productive approach in the business dealings. Getting accustomed with diverse situation strengthens the competency level of an individual in both professional and personal life . Effectiveness of effective communication in an organization According to De Grez, Valcke annd Roozen (2012), it is important for both the listener and the speaker to share the responsibility of making the clarification of the message that is to be conveyed. The maintenance of the proper communication transparency creates the significant atmosphere within a workplace and as a result, it determines the productive benefits. It has been observed that people from different geographical background present the different communicational attribute that create the diverse impact on the situation. Effective business communication is necessary for establishing the successful customer and workers interactions. It is important for both the listener and the speaker to share the responsibility of making the clarification of the message that is to be conveyed (Cardon Marshall, 2015). It is necessary for me to get accustomed with such uncertainties since people are working within a workplace that is full of people from different cultural background. The chall enges are quite expected in such cases. If any organization maintains the effective communicational transparency, it would reflect on the collective decision-making process. When the employees need to deal with the people from diverse cultural background, it would generate the ideas about the different corporate cultures. These diverse perceive values can be utilized to bring more innovations in the business functionalities. Moreover, this intercultural communication helps in making progress in the personal and professional attributes of the individuals. Taking the active participation in a group discussion creates the opportunity to know people from different cultures and judge their perceive values. The effective intercultural communication helps people in generating the ability of interacting people with diverse culture and lingual background. If the organization maintain the cultural diversity, it would become easier for me to develop considerable intercultural communication ability. The appropriate language use and communication process helps in developing the good performance within a workplace. Effective business communication is necessary for est ablishing the successful customer and workers interactions (Mascle, 2013). It is important for both the listener and the speaker to share the responsibility of making the clarification of the message that is to be conveyed. It is necessary for me to get accustomed with such uncertainties since people are working within a workplace that is full of people from different cultural background. Communication Model The communication process depends on the systematic and sequential steps. The communication model introduced by Laswelle also consists of five stages, such as who says what, the channels, to whom, and with what effects. It is essential for an individual to utilize the appropriate channel to communicate with the people. Delivering the messages in a proper way is important as the receiver needs to decode the messages. The communication becomes successful when the receiver can present the concern against the message received from the other end. The model depicts that the receiver would present the positive feedbacks if the sender succeeds in sending the appropriate message. Due to the cultural and lingual barriers, often the individuals fail to transmit the message in an effective way. A multinational corporation consists of people from different cultural background that have the clear impact on delivering the effective performance (Jam, 2017). In such regards, it is essential to maintain the effective cross cultural communication to prevent the cultural and lingual barriers. The model also describes that the receiver requires encoding the messages in an effective way, which would depend on a particular channel of communication. The business manages even experience the crucial scenario when they attend meeting with people who belong to different culture and lingual background (Wilton, 2012). In many cases, it has been observed that the business managers use the translator as the medium of communication with the diverse peop le. The helpful training session and use of the multilingual flexibility would be effective enough in overcoming such situation. Gap in the Literature The literature study provides the insightful ideas about the necessity of developing effective business communication. In spite of providing the extensive information regarding the individual attitude towards communicating with the people from diverse culture, the study fails to recognize the specific issues faced by the organizations. Moreover, the literature does not even provide the idea about the appropriate channels that can be utilized to make the improvisations in the communicational aspects. In addition to this, it has been noticed that the study lacks the in-depth analysis of overcoming these language barriers. Hence, it can be stated that in spite of developing the elaborated discussion, the literature study is quite limited. Action Plan The action plan determines the establishment of the systematic steps to mitigate the issues identified in the competency level of developing an effective business communication. The following table would provide the idea about the areas of improvements and completing the activities within the stipulated time. Activities Start Date End Date Duration 1. Presenting the proposal to human resource management for training and mitigating the communication gap 01/09/2018 06/0918 6 2. Identification of the training needs and objectives 07/09/2018 08/09/2018 2 3. Selecting the people who need such training 09/09/2018 10/09/2018 10 4. Development of the communication tool to communicate with the trainer 11/09/2018 15/09/2018 4 5. Collection of the information by obtaining the feedback from the trainer 16/09/2018 23/11/2018 8 6. Analysis of the Data 24/09/2018 30/09/2018 7 7. Evaluating the information received from the training program 03/10/2018 10/11/2018 7 Table 1: Action Plan (Source: Created by the Author) The action plan suggests that the organization needs to focus on developing a training program at the initial stage. Firstly, the human resource management needs to receive the concern conveyed by the individual regarding the training needs. Accordingly, the objectives and aims of the training would be developed. It is essential to recognize the individual who needs such training session due to the difficulties faced during the intercultural communication process. The human resource management is responsible to utilize the necessary tools and resources essential for this training and development program. In current situation, the technological advancements have been contributing towards developing the effective workplace communication. The use of the technological devices would also be helpful in this training program. The information collected from this training session would be analyzed in an appropriate way to recognize the gaps and limitations. Finally, understanding and gatherin g the feedback would measure the progress of this training session. The effective feedback would help me in generating more courage to perform in a better way by developing effective communicational transparency within the workplace. References Baruah, T. D. (2012). Effectiveness of Social Media as a tool of communication and its potential for technology enabled connections: A micro-level study.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,2(5), 1-10. Bergener, K., vom Brocke, J., Hofmann, S., Stein, A., vom Brocke, C. (2012). On the importance of agile communication skills in BPM education: Design principles for international seminars.Knowledge Management E-Learning,4(4), 415. Brink, K. E., Costigan, R. D. (2015). Oral communication skills: Are the priorities of the workplace and AACSB-accredited business programs aligned?.Academy of Management Learning Education,14(2), 205-221. Cardon, P.W. Marshall, B., (2015). 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Bensoussan, B.E., (2015).Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Hildebrand, S., (2017). The effective use of communication tools during a long-term campus emergency.Natural Hazards,88(1), pp.21-38. Jam, M. V. P. (2017). Knowing what is said on enterprise Social Media: Towards the development of an Analytical Communication Framework.Revista Internacional de Relaciones Pblicas,7(13), 5-22. Keyton, J., Caputo, J. M., Ford, E. A., Fu, R., Leibowitz, S. A., Liu, T., ... Wu, C. (2013). Investigating verbal workplace communication behaviors.The Journal of Business Communication (1973),50(2), 152-169. Mascle, D. D. (2013). Writing self-efficacy and written communication skills.Business Communication Quarterly,76(2), 216-225. Novik, N. N., Podgrecki, J. (2015). A Model of Developing Communication Skills among Adolescents with Behavioral Problems.International Journal of Environmental and Science Education,10(4), 579-587. Quintanilla, K.M. and Wahl, S.T., 2015.Business and professional communication: Keys for workplace excellence. Sage Publications. Robles, M. M. (2012). Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace.Business Communication Quarterly,75(4), 453-465. Royle, J., Laing, A. (2014). The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer Model for the communication industries.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), 65-73. Wilton, N. (2012). The impact of work placements on skills development and career outcomes for business and management graduates.Studies in Higher Education,37(5), 603-